Elasticity Effects on Hydromagnetic Convective Instability in a Salt Containing Maxwell Nanofluid Saturated Porous Layer

Abstract

Maxwell fluids are important in both theoretical research and practical applications due to their ability to model real-world non-Newtonian behaviors that cannot be captured by simpler Newtonian fluid models. Maxwell fluids provide a realistic and manageable way to study non-Newtonian behavior that are widely applicable across engineering, biology and physics. In essence, Maxwell fluids enabling accurate modelling of materials with memory, where both elastic rebound and viscous flow occur simultaneously. The study examines the double diffusive instability resulting from temperature and nanoparticle concentration gradients. Specifically, it investigates the influence of a magnetic field on convective instabilities in a Maxwell nanofluid saturated porous layer containing salt. Linear stability analysis is utilized to determine the onset of both stationary and oscillatory convection. The Galerkin-type weighted residual method is applied to solve the system analytically. Key parameters examined include the relaxation parameter, solutal Darcy Rayleigh number and Chandrasekhar number. Findings suggest that the magnetic field plays a stabilizing role in both types of convective instability, while the relaxation parameter enhances oscillatory convection. Moreover, the solutal Darcy Rayleigh number contributes to the destabilization of the system in both stationary and oscillatory states. The findings on salt concentration and nanoparticle dynamics can be utilized to enhance targeted drug delivery using magnetic nanoparticles within blood flow.